Enhancement of tumour growth in two syngeneic C3H murine systems by immunization via the intracaecal route.

Over the past 70 years many experiments have been designed to promote tumour growth. These studies were all carried out in allogeneic tumour systems or by artificially influencing the immunization process. In the present study, the growth of syngeneic mammary tumour cells was enhanced by prior immunization via the intracaecal route. Such induced enhancement could be transferred to untreated animals by serum or by spleen cells. Tumour growth was also enhanced in another syngeneic system by immunization via the intestinal route with frozen-thawed ascites tumour cells. The result is in direct contrast to that obtained by similar immunization with live cells, which affords protection against a later challenge

Leadership Strategies and Initiatives for Combating Medicaid Fraud and Abuse

An estimated 3-10% of the $2 trillion spent annually on health care in the United States is lost to fraud. Improper payments undermine the integrity and financial sustainability of the Medicaid program and affect the ability of federal and state governments to provide health care services for individuals and families living at or below the poverty level. This study explored how health care leaders in the state of Arizona described factors contributing to the invisible nature of Medicaid fraud and abuse and necessary strategies for counteracting the business opportunities of Medicaid fraud and abuse. The institutional choice analytic framework grounded the study. Data were gathered from the review of documents and information received from 10 interviews with health care leaders responsible for the administration, delivery, and regulation of Medicaid services in Arizona. Collected data were coded to identify underlying themes. Key themes that emerged from the study included the need for health care leaders to use modern technologies to combat Medicaid fraud and abuse and concentrate and strengthen Medicaid fraud and abuse mitigation efforts at the state level. Study data might contribute to social change by identifying Medicaid fraud and abuse mitigation strategies that will protect the financial and structural integrity of the Medicaid program, ensuring Americans living at or below the poverty level have access to quality health care services

Unbound states in 12^{12}C populated by γ\gamma-decay of the (Jπ,T)=(2+,1)(J^{\pi},T) = (2^+,1) 16.11 MeV state

The reaction $^{11}\textrm{B}+p$ has been used to populate the $(J^\pi,T) = (2^+,1)$ state at an excitation energy of 16.11 MeV in $^{12}$C. $\gamma$-decay to unbound states in $^{12}$C are identified from analysis of the decay of the populated daughter states. Due to a new technique, $\gamma$-decay to the 10.8 MeV 1$^-$ state is observed for the first time, and transitions to the 9.64 MeV (3$^-$) and 12.71 MeV (1$^+$) are confirmed. Unresolved transitions to natural parity strength at 10 MeV and 11.5-13 MeV are also observed. For all transitions partial widths are deducedComment: Corrected small typographical errors and added more details on data analysi

Explicating and Negotiating Bias in Interdisciplinary Argumentation Using Abductive Tools: PAPER

Interdisciplinary inquiry hinges upon abductive arguments that integrate various kinds of information to identify explanations worthy of future study or use. Integrative abduction poses unique challenges, including different kinds of data, too many patterns, too many explanations, mistaken meanings across disciplinary lines, and cognitive, pragmatic, and social biases. Argumentation tools can help explicate and negotiate bias as interdisciplinary investigators sift and winnow candidate patterns and processes in search of the best explanation

'It's like a Sentence before the Sentence' - Exploring the Pains and Possibilities of Waiting for Imprisonment

AbstractThis article explores the implications of the ‘imprisonment queue’ in Norway. Based on interview data (N = 200), we show that while interviewees waiting to serve their sentences enjoy certain benefits such as being able to prepare for or negotiate the terms of their imprisonment, they also suffer from uncertainty and powerlessness. The suspension of their lives while they wait hinders them in pursuing their ground projects, things that really matter to them. This peculiar phenomenon has not received attention from prison scholars generally, as well as scholars writing on Nordic Exceptionalism specifically. This article addresses that gap and poses questions about the relative mildness of the short Norwegian sentences, and more broadly, about what constitutes punishment.</jats:p

Lability of Proteinaceous Material in Estuarine Seston and Subcellular Fractions of Phytoplankton

The rate of proteolysis of amino acids was used to assess the nutritional lability of various materials making up estuarine seston in 3 Maine, USA, estuaries. Physical separations of subcellular fractions of phytoplankton cells led to higher proteolysis rate constants for the cytoplasmic fraction (\u3e1.2 h(-1)) than for the membrane fraction (0.2 to 1 h(-1)). Whole cells, copepod fecal pellets, bottom sediments, and estuarine seston had overlapping ranges of rate constants of 0.17 to 1.3 h(-1), which were indistinguishable from one another. Protein pools in the seston of these estuaries throughout the seasons were dominated by phytoplankton production and its fresh detrital products. Inverse relationships between proteolysis rate constants for estuarine seston and the ratios of pheopigments to chlorophyll indicates that the average lability of seston decreases with the disappearance of cytoplasmic material in suspension. This kinetic approach to the quality of food resources implies the existence of different pools of digestible protein for estuarine heterotrophs with different gut residence times. Preferential enrichment of membrane components in sestonic detritus may result from the differential lability of proteins in cytoplasm versus membrane components of cells

Computer Model for Dynamic Skyline Behaviour

The development and experimental verification of a numerical model for the dynamic behavior of a cable logging system skyline is discussed. The model is intended to simulate the skyline behavior after a turn of logs breaks out of a "hang-up" on the ground. Output from the model may be used as a forcing function for a dynamic load on the tailspar or other component of the cable logging system. The numerical model uses finite difference and Runge-Kutta techniques. Output from the model consists of time-histories of the fluctuations in skyline tensions. From this output the frequencies of the skyline vibrations may be determined. The model was verified by experimental data collected while operating a small cable logging system in Oregon State University's McDonald Research Forest

Dynamic Characteristics of a Small Skyline Logging System with a Guyed Tailspar

A series of dynamic loading tests were conducted on a small skyline logging system (15.8 mm [5/8 inch] skyline) operating in a second-growth Douglas fir stand. The tests included free vibration tests and logging tests with turns weighing from 1.5 to 9 kN [340 to 2050 lbs]. Natural frequency and damping were evaluated from free vibration tests, and the free vibration portion of logging tests. Dynamic load magnitude was evaluated for logging tests with natural and artificial breakouts of turns with a range in turn weights, and for a series of logging tests with the same turn. The natural frequencies of the guylines were in good agreement with simple cable theory. However, the presence of the carriage on the skyline resulted in measured natural frequencies significantly lower than simple cable theory would predict. Damping of the tailspar system and the skyline averaged about 10% of critical damping, but was highly variable from test to test. Dynamic load magnitude, whether expressed as the load peak produced by turn break-out, or the maximum cyclic load, was highly variable, with coefficients of variation ranging from 31 to 79%. Even a series of logging tests with the same two-log turn produced maximum cyclic loads with a coefficient of variation of nearly 40%